Durable Responses Observed at 18 Months With Cilta-Cel to Treat Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

According to updated findings of the phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 trial (NCT03548207) presented during the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) sustained efficacy and durable responses for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

In new data from the study, the investigational B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T-cell therapy induced an overall response rate (ORR) of 97.9% with an 80.4% rate of stringent complete response (sCR), at a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 1.5-30.5).

These data include results from 97 patients (median age, 61 years; 58.8% men) who received a median of 6 prior treatment regimens (range, 3-18). All patients had been exposed to an immunomodulatory agent, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 antibody; 42.3% were penta-drug refractory, and 99% were refractory to their most recent line of therapy. All received a single infusion of cilta-cel (target dose: 0.75×106 CAR+ viable T cells/kg) 5 to 7 days following lymphodepletion.

“The efficacy results observed in heavily pretreated patients with multiple myeloma receiving cilta-cel are remarkable,” principal investigator Saad Z. Usmani, MD, said in a news release. He is Division Chief of Plasma Cell Disorders at Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health. “With the possibility of achieving the progression-free-survival reported and responses deepening as observed in the longer-term follow-up, I’m hopeful that cilta-cel will be part of the armamentarium in the future for patients in need of an additional treatment option.”

At 18 months, 66% of patients were alive and progression free (95% CI, 54.9-75.0) with an sCR of 75.9% (95% CI, 63.6-84.5). The rate of overall survival at 18 months was 80.9% (95% CI, 71.4-87.6). Investigators found that response rates were comparable across prespecified subgroups and lines of treatment (range, 95%-100%).

The rate of very good partial response was 14%. Three percent of patients had a partial response (PR). Median time to first response was 1 month (range, 0.9–10.7 months), and the median time to best response was 2.6 months (range, 0.9-15.2 months). Investigators found the results deepened over time, with a median duration of response of 21.8 months (95% CI, 21.8-NE). An estimated 73% of patients who responded to treatment have not progressed or died at 12 months. The median duration of response was not reached in patients with sCR.

Sixty-one patients were evaluable for minimal residual disease (MRD). Of those, 91.8% achieved MRD negativity status at 10-5 at a median of 1 month (range, 0.8-7.7 months) following infusion.

Investigators did not observe any new safety signals with the longer follow-up. The most common any-grade hematologic adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (95.9%), anemia (81.4%), thrombocytopenia (79.4%), leukopenia (61.9%); and lymphopenia (52.6%). Most patients (n = 92) experienced any-grade cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The median duration of CRS was 4 days (range, 1-97) and 99% resolved within 14 days of onset. Most (95%) were grade 1/2 events.

“Cilta-cel has a manageable safety profile consistent with its mechanism of action,” Usmani said during the presentation.

Janssen filed a marketing authorization application to the European Medicines Agency in April 2021 based on these findings. Additionally, in May 2021, the FDA granted a priority review designation to a biologics license application for cilta-cel in this indication, based on data from CARTITUDE-1. The regulatory agency is expected to decide on the application by November 29, 2021, under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act.

Results from cohort A (n = 20) of the phase 2 CARTITUDE-2 study (NCT04133636) of patients with multiple myeloma who progressed following 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy and who were refractory to lenalidomide (Revlimid) were presented at the 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting and will subsequently be presented at the 2021 European Hematology Association Congress. Here, investigators observed early and deep responses at a median follow-up of 5.8 months (range, 2.5-9.8).

At the February 21 data cutoff, the ORR was 95% with 45% patients achieving a sCR and 30% with a CR. Ten percent of patients had a VGPR and 10% had a PR. The overall safety profile, including incidence of CRS and most common hematologic AEs, was consistent previous results.

References

Usmani SZ, Berdeja JG, Madduri D, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM): Updated results from CARTITUDE-1. J Clin Oncol. 2021,39(suppl 15; abstr 8005). doi:10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8005

Janssen reports new data for BCMA CAR-T, cilta-cel, showing deep and durable responses in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. News release. Janssen. June 1, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2021. bwnews.pr/3vLIDGW

Madduri D, Berdeja JG, Usmani SZ, et al. Cartitude-1: phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a b-cell maturation antigen–directed chimeric antigen receptor t cell therapy, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2020;136(suppl 1):22-25. doi:10.1182/blood-2020-136307

Agha ME, Cohen AD, Madduri D, et al. CARTITUDE-2: Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy, in patients with progressive multiple myeloma (MM) after one to three prior lines of therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2021,39(suppl 15; abstr 8013). doi:10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8013