Slide Show: 2014 Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting

Slide 1: Bariatric Surgery Could Lower Risk of Uterine Cancer in WomenThose women who had bariatric surgery for weight loss reduced their risk of uterine cancer by about 70%. According to the authors, the results suggest that obesity is a risk factor related to the development of endometrial cancers that can be modified. Approximately 39% of endometrial cancer cases are attributed to obesity. The retrospective analyzed more than 100,000 hospital admission records of women who had undergone bariatric surgery. Over 44,000 of them had a uterine malignancy diagnosis. Women who kept the weight off lowered their risk by 81%, and those who had a higher than normal BMI even after surgery had a 52% risk reduction.[1]Slide 2: Women Harboring BRCA1 Mutation May Be at Risk of Developing Uterine Corpus Cancer Despite OophorectomyAn analysis of 525 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who underwent a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO)-removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes-shows that these women still had an increased risk for developing rare types of aggressive uterine cancer. The study suggests that women with a BRCA1 mutation have a 2.1% risk of developing aggressive uterine cancer within 10 years following RRSO, a 26-fold increased risk. Four of the 296 women with a BRCA1 mutation who did not have their uterus removed later developed an aggressive uterine cancer. While the absolute risk is still low, it is higher than expected, according to the study authors.[2]Slide 3: Women With Gynecologic Cancers May Live Longer if Treated at High-Volume Medical Centers According to a study of more than 850,000 women with gynecologic cancers, those who were treated at high-volume medical centers lived about a year longer than those cared for at low-volume centers. The highest quartile, high-volume centers were most likely to be academic centers. Patients over the age of 71 were more likely to be treated at lower-volume centers.[3]Slide 4: PARP Inhibitor Veliparib Active in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Germline Patients With Recurrent Ovarian CancerA 52-patient phase II trial shows that the PARP inhibitor veliparib is active in patients with recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer who have either a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation. The confirmed response rate was 26% with 2 complete responses and 11 partial responses. The median progression-free survival was 8.11 months. Women on the trial had both platinum-sensitive and resistant disease and had one to three prior therapies.[4]Slide 5: Adjuvant Brachytherapy Plus Chemotherapy Not Superior to Pelvic Radiation for Women With High-Risk Endometrial CancerThe randomized, phase III GOG249 trial of 601 women with high-risk early-stage endometrial cancer shows that vaginal cuff brachytherapy followed by 3 cycles of paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy was not superior to pelvic radiation therapy. In an exploratory subset analysis, no patient subpopulation benefited more from one or the other therapeutic approach. The 24-month survival was 93% in the pelvic radiation arm compared with 92% for the brachytherapy plus chemotherapy arm (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28). Most patients did well with either therapy and analyses to identify clinical, pathological, and molecular factors of high risk are underway.[5]Slide 6: A Nutritional Screening Index Could Be Useful as Prognostic Factor for Survival in Ovarian CancerA relatively simple tool to assess nutritional status called the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) could be helpful to assess the nutritional status of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients during their chemotherapy. A retrospective analysis of 212 patients showed that NRI was significantly associated with patient survival. Moderately to severely malnourished patients prior to chemotherapy had a lower overall survival compared with normal to mildly malnourished patients (48 months vs 80 months, respectively, P = .014).[6]

References:

1. Ward KK, Roncancio AM, Shah NR, et al. Bariatric surgery decreases the risk of uterine malignancy. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr 4.

2. Shu CA, Pike M, Jotwani AR, et al. Risk of developing uterine corpus cancer (Ut Ca) following risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in women with BRCA mutations. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr LBA5.

3. Lin JF, Alexander AL, Beriwal S, et al. Characteristics of high-volume gynecologic cancer centers – framework toward centers of excellence: a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) study. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr 89.

4. Coleman RL, Sill M, Aghajanian C, et al. A phase II evaluation of the potent, highly selective PARP inhibitor veliparib in the treatment of persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients who carry a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation – a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr 136.

5. McMeekin DS, Filiaci VL, Aghajanian C, et al. A randomized phase III trial of pelvic radiation therapy (PXRT) versus vaginal cuff brachytherapy followed by paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy (VCB/C) in patients with high risk (HR), early stage endometrial cancer (EC): a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr LBA1.

6. Yoon JW, Yim GW, Kim SW, et al. Nutritional Risk Index as a significant prognostic factor in advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting 2014; Abstr 25.