Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtypes and Risk Stratification

EP: 1.Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Patient Presentation and Evaluating Response

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EP: 2.Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtypes and Risk Stratification

EP: 3.The Role of KMT2Ar/NPM1 and Menin in Relapsed/Refractory AML

EP: 4.Recent Data in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

EP: 5.Ongoing Research and Future Perspectives in Relapsed/Refractory AML

EP: 6.Clinical Pearls for Community Oncologists Treating Relapsed/Refractory AML

EP: 7.Menin Inhibitors Show Promise in Future AML Treatment

This is a video synopsis/summary of an OncView® featuring Ghayas C. Issa, MD.

Issa explains that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) classification relies more on mutations and cytogenetics rather than cell types involved. Previously, subtypes were defined by phenotype (monocytic, megakaryocytic). While cell phenotype has some relevance for clinical trials, major classification now uses genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

The most common system is the European LeukemiaNet criteria, stratifying AML into favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk categories. Classification is predominantly by cytogenetics, missing or added chromosomes. Core binding factor leukemias with inversion 16 or 8;21 translocations have excellent an prognosis. Complex karyotypes with 5 or more abnormalities have a very poor prognosis.

Mutations contribute to outcomes. NPM1 and CEBPA mutations lead to more favorable outcomes and TP53 lead to less favorable outcomes. Other poor risk markers are inversion 3q26 and MECOM rearrangements. KMT2A 9;11 translocations are intermediate risk, while other KMT2A abnormalities are unfavorable. FLT3 mutations are now largely unfavorable, markedly so with internal tandem duplications having high allelic burden.

Video synopsis is AI-generated and reviewed by Cancer Network® editorial staff.