Genitourinary Cancers

In this review, we summarize the diagnosis of small renal masses, the role of renal mass biopsy, different treatment strategies, and future directions, including emerging molecular biomarkers.

More research is needed to define the optimal radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimen for male urethral carcinoma. However, modern chemoradiation is a feasible treatment option for motivated men with urethral carcinoma who want to preserve their organs.

This article will review select novel targets and approaches relevant to urothelial cancer.

Since the development of first-line cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin almost 3 decades ago, there have not been major advances in the treatment of this disease.

Patients with T1 bladder cancer on re-resection achieve the best possible survival benefit by IRC and thorough pelvic lymph node dissection.

Nivolumab is safe and effective in patients with metastatic bladder cancer refractory to prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, according to findings from the open-label, phase I/II CheckMate 032 trial.

Experimental, minimally invasive “liquid biopsy” blood tests might soon help to personalize prostate cancer treatment by predicting androgen resistance and survival benefits from particular treatments.

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy with nivolumab is safe and effective even after disease progression among patients with metastatic RCC.

The majority of patients with clear cell renal cancer saw benefit from pazopanib therapy prior to undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy, according to a single-arm study.

A phase II trial found that cabozantinib offers significantly better progression-free survival over sunitinib in patients with untreated advanced RCC.

The higher incidence of bladder cancer in the Northeast in the last 50 years may be attributed to the presence of arsenic in the drinking water, according to a new study.

A new study published in Nature Communications is suggesting that castration-resistant prostate cancer has particular metabolic characteristics that may open new possibilities for treatment.

A team of surgeons performed the first genitourinary reconstructive penile transplant in the United States on a patient whose penis was removed due to a rare form of penile cancer.

The fatty acid DHA, a component of fish oil, might enhance regorafenib’s ability to slow angiogenesis and tumor growth in renal cell carcinoma.

The FDA has granted accelerated approval to atezolizumab (Tecentriq) for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma-the most common type of bladder cancer.

Partial nephrectomy yields similar oncologic outcomes to radical nephrectomy for patients with stage T3a renal tumors after 5 years, according to results of a new study.

The FDA approved lenvatinib (Lenvima) in combination with everolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.

A 56-year-old man presented with a 4.5-cm leftsided renal mass incidentally discovered on an ultrasound performed for workup of lupus nephritis. On dedicated contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor was found to be avidly enhancing.

Only one in three men with prostate cancer received care in accordance with guidelines for active surveillance, according to a new study conducted in Michigan.

A new study found that FGFR3 mutation status could be used to guide anti-FGFR3 therapy in bladder cancer, as the mutation is homogeneous in radical cystectomy specimens and cancer-positive lymph nodes.

Clinicians now have a new targeted therapy option for treating patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who have received prior antiangiogenic therapy.

Declines in the rates of cigarette smoking in several states mirrored declines in prostate cancer deaths between 1999 and 2010, according to a new epidemiologic analysis.

Prostate cancer patients who kept up a moderate to high level of physical activity had better survival prognoses compared with their more sedentary counterparts.

Combination therapy with bicalutamide and everolimus resulted in promising responses in a phase II trial of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, though a substantial proportion of patients experienced everolimus-related toxicities.

Afatinib showed significant activity in a phase II trial of patients with metastatic platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma, and patients with HER2 or ERBB3 alterations had significantly better outcomes.

Twelve US lawmakers have asked the Obama administration to scrutinize the pricing of the prostate cancer agent enzalutamide and to consider licensing its generic production.

Men who receive pharmacologic androgen deprivation therapy as part of their treatment for prostate cancer may be at higher risk for depression.

Results of a phase II randomized trial found that combining a short course of androgen deprivation therapy with bevacizumab improved relapse-free survival in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Researchers at UCLA are reporting that prostate adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer can arise from a common epithelial clone.

A study published in Nature Medicine reports that suppressing the nuclear receptor protein ROR-γ with small-molecule compounds may reduce AR levels in CRPC and stop tumor growth.