Hematologic Oncology

Combination chemotherapy with sequential administration of methotrexate and asparaginase was found to be effective salvage therapy in a small retrospective study of pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Contrary to previous laboratory findings, a new study has shown for the first time the effect of stem cell burden on treatment outcome, discovering that tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including imatinib and dasatinib, can rapidly eradicate most chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells.

The European Medicines Agency adopted a “positive opinion” earlier this year regarding conditional marketing approval for bosutinib for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia.

Findings of a newly published study by an international team of researchers suggest that targeting growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) may improve the prognosis of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or other lymphoid leukemias.

Researchers from the University of Rochester have identified BCL2 inhibitors as potential leukemia stem cell-targeting agents, demonstrating that two such inhibitors killed inactive and metabolically slower leukemia stem cells.

New research suggests that a novel, investigative drug could help alleviate some of the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment seen in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The drug, a pan-BCL2 inhibitor called sabutoclax, could sensitize malignant leukemic stem cells in the bone marrow niche to TKI treatment.

As patients and physicians gain experience with a second generation of relatively effective therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia, there is increasing need to quickly understand who will fare best with these drugs.

Further prospective clinical trials in very elderly patients with DLBCL are clearly needed. Complementing the growing need for such trials, an evolving clinical trial infrastructure, geriatric oncology support, and novel therapeutics are making such studies feasible in the current era.

Patients should ideally undergo very thoughtful evaluation with tools such as the comprehensive geriatric assessment or something similar that will give the treating physician the best estimate of therapy tolerance. Once therapy is initiated, very frequent monitoring is useful for providing early support of toxicity and for most promptly and effectively informing appropriate dose adjustments to ensure optimal dosing.

Elderly patients may have several such comorbidities, but their impact on normal life is minimal-and so most of these patients may receive a curative treatment such as R-CHOP. Very elderly patients have more comorbidities with greater impact, with the result that some of their vital organs exhibit functional deficiency.

In this review, we critically analyze clinical trials that were specifically designed for the very elderly, and we discuss the challenges encountered by investigators who are conducting studies in this patient population. We conclude by proposing an algorithm to help clinicians determine the optimal therapeutic strategy for treatment of DLBCL in very elderly patients.

It is hard to realize that an elderly patient's visit to you is likely the only trip outside his or her apartment for the week and the only contact with someone other than family or an aide. Doctor visits sometimes become the elderly's primary contact with the larger world.

The FDA has approved pomalidomide (Pomalyst) to treat patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies.

In this interview we discuss the current management and latest treatments and agents in development for multiple myeloma with Dr. Kenneth Anderson of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved imatinib (Gleevec) for the treatment of newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in children.

A single tube 10-color assay for the detection of residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia provides at least equivalent results to the international standardized flow cytometry approach to detection and requires fewer cells, uses fewer reagents, and allows for simpler analysis, according to a new study.

The combination of two antibody-based targeting agents-inotuzumab ozogamicin and rituximab-demonstrated high response rates and long progression-free survival in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma or relapsed diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in an international phase I/II multicenter, open-label study.

Researchers have identified an enzyme that plays an important role in the reprogramming of malignant progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. The enzyme, ADAR1, could represent a target for selecting and eradicating leukemia stem cells.

In this interview we discuss the latest chronic myeloid leukemia treatment and research with Dr. Michael Deininger, chief of the division of hematology at the University of Utah School of Medicine.

The current standard therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not prevent Richter's transformation from occurring. If we are fortunate, new treatments will realize the hope that this usually fatal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia might be avoided.

Early results suggest that the new targeted therapies for CLL may have a profound impact on survival-and thus on the incidence of Richter's transformation. It will therefore become increasingly important to study Richter's transformation more assiduously, to diagnose it sooner, and to develop strategies to treat this extremely challenging entity.

Richter's transformation, or Richter's syndrome, is an uncommon clinicopathological condition observed in about 5% to 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the pathobiology and in the management of Richter's transformation in patients with CLL.

It is time to move on to next key steps of improving recognition of treatment-resistant lymphoma at diagnosis, rather than at treatment failure, by optimally employing biomarkers and improving cure rates by integrating powerful but minimally toxic new systemic agents into primary treatment.

The likelihood that combined-modality therapy will provide a small progression-free survival advantage is real but not likely to be equated to an overall survival advantage, as it depends on when one looks at the data. The studies to date demonstrate a late fall-off in survival due to one or another toxic effect of radiation.

In Hodgkin lymphoma, as with many other malignancies, a combined-modality approach has proven successful. This tactic capitalizes on the relative advantages of both modalities, yet minimizes risk by avoiding intense exposure to either. This article will summarize the data supporting this approach in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma.

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved ponatinib (Iclusig) to treat adults with chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide resulted in outcomes “at least not inferior” to those achieved when ATRA was used in combination with idarubicin chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with non–high-risk, acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Preliminary findings presented at ASH suggest a “favorable emerging clinical profile” for once weekly administration of MLN9708 in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

The combination of rituximab and the novel immunotherapy pidilizumab (CT-011) is both active and well tolerated in follicular lymphoma patients according to results of a phase II trial presented at ASH.

ARRY-520, a novel selective kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor showed promising clinical activity both alone and combined with low-dose dexamethasone in a phase II clinical trial in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.