Hematologic Oncology

Because of challenges in making the correct diagnosis and the physician’s reluctance to administer chemotherapy for a disease characterized by such a low tumoral mass, patients may experience a delay in the initiation of appropriate treatment.

While the name POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) provides a nice acronym for a collection of seemingly disparate features, the diagnosis does not require that all these elements be present, and many other features are not included.

POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that is caused by an underlying plasma cell disorder. Its main features include polyradiculoneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and skin changes.

Treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin improved the event-free survival in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia by reducing the risk of relapse among those able to achieve remission, according to trial results presented at the 2013 ASH meeting.

Ponatinib showed significant antileukemic activity in patients with CML and ALL, according to a phase II study that included a wide range of disease stages and mutation status; patients in the trial had a relatively high rate of adverse thrombotic events, an issue which has led to recent regulatory controversy surrounding the drug.

Following recent trial data showing an increased risk of dangerous blood clots with ponatinib, which led the FDA to request that the manufacturer stop marketing the drug, the FDA’s European counterpart has adjusted its recommendations for ponatinib but has not changed its “positive opinion” that led to the approval.

This article reviews the etiology and incidence of renal adverse events in patients with multiple myeloma, the renal safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib from four phase II studies in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma, and the management of patients with multiple myeloma who receive carfilzomib and are at risk for renal complications.

This series of articles provides clinicians with a resource for the use of carfilzomib in the management of patients with multiple myeloma.

The adverse event profile of single-agent carfilzomib suggests that the agent is an important treatment option for patients with advanced multiple myeloma, particularly those with pre-existing peripheral neuropathy or those who are at risk for the development of peripheral neuropathy.

This article reviews the hematologic safety profile of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, as assessed in a cross-trial safety analysis of four phase II studies, and makes recommendations for the appropriate management of hematologic adverse events.

This article presents an overview of the cardiac and pulmonary safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib therapy in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma from an analysis of four phase II clinical studies, and provides practical recommendations for the management of patients at risk for cardiac events and pulmonary complication.

Patients able to achieve stringent complete response after undergoing autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma achieved improved long-term outcomes, including overall survival and time to progression, compared with patients who achieved lesser levels of response.

Women with airborne allergies to plants, grass, and trees may have a moderate increased risk of developing blood cancers, according to a new study.

The outcome for patients with cryoglobulinemia has improved since the recognition that the condition is frequently associated with HCV and that elimination of this virus has therapeutic benefit for affected patients.

We recommend screening for cryoglobulinemia in all patients with HCV infection, livedo reticularis, vasculitic cutaneous ulcers, positive rheumatoid factor or rheumatoid vasculitis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, or atypical Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

In spite of the complicated etiologic, clinical, and pathologic scenario of cryoglobulinemia, physicians can play a key role in its successful management by early recognition of the most common clinical presentations.

The FDA has approved ibrutinib (Imbruvica) for the treatment of patients with mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive and rare blood cancer.

Adult survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) suffer from persistent and significant neurocognitive deficits, according to a new study.

The sequential combination of gemtuzumab ozogamicin and standard chemotherapy offered no benefit in older patients with AML, and led to significant toxicities in those aged at least 70 years, according to results of a new study.

In the wake of reports that the drug ponatinib (Iclusig) can significantly increase risk of dangerous cardiovascular events, the FDA has asked the manufacturer to suspend sales and marketing of the drug in the United States.

An 8-year study in patients with intermediate- to high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma shows that an autologous transplant following induction chemotherapy improves survival in high-risk patients.

The FDA today approved obinutuzumab (Gazyva) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, to be used in combination with chlorambucil.

A phase III trial of the new drug idelalisib has been stopped early thanks to highly significant efficacy among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

The FDA issued a safety alert and reports it is investigating a high rate of thrombosis and other cardiovascular events in patients taking ponatinib (Iclusig) for CML or Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL.

Patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma had high response rates and good long-term disease control with a chemotherapy regimen followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in a new phase II trial.

The role of transplant in MCL is in clinical evolution. Up-front high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant remains an attractive option for those with chemosensitive disease regardless of the induction regimen chosen, whereas this approach in the relapsed or refractory setting has not yielded long-term disease-free intervals.

This review will cover innovative therapeutic approaches in relapsed or refractory MCL, many of which have the potential to alter treatment paradigms toward the development of strategies that do not involve conventional chemotherapy agents.

The addition of the oral pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat to bortezomib helped to elicit responses in about one-third of heavily pre-treated patients with multiple myeloma who were refractory of bortezomib, according to the phase II results of the PANORAMA 2 study.

A mutation of the PAX5 gene has been found to play an important role in inherited cases of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The mutation was isolated in two unrelated families with high propensity for B-ALL.

Gilead Sciences has submitted an NDA to the FDA for its new drug idelalisib, for the use in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is refractory to rituximab and chemotherapy.