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Choice In Dying (Washington, DC) recently released a new booklet entitled, “Healthcare Agents: Appointing and Being One,” intended to serve as a reference when appointing a health care agent (proxy) or acting as one.

SILVER SPRING, Md-The Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) has recommended that the FDA approve Ligand Pharmaceuticals’ Panretin gel 0.1% (alitretinoin) for the treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS).

Although overall death rates from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are declining rapidly, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in women continues to climb, and HIV-associated gynecologic disease is also likely toincrease over the next decade. In this paper on lower genital tract neoplasia in women with HIV infection, Abercrombie and Korn review some of the many studies documenting the increased incidence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-asso-ciated disease in this population. The clinical importance of these studies is underscored by recent data from New York City, where the incidence of invasive cervical cancer increased significantly from 1990 to 1995 in HIV-positive women, compared to the general popu-lation of 25- to 49-year-old women.[1]

The article by Dr. McLaughlin and coauthors provides both a useful summary of the clinical trials involving rituximab (IDEC C2B8 [Rituxan]) and a practical guide for its administration. Their review summarizes the most recent clinical results with this monoclonal antibody, which have just been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.[1] The review also includes a section on the potential mechanism of action of rituximab. Several areas merit comment.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for cancer have been the subject of intense clinical investigation for nearly 2 decades.[1] Although the concept of MoAb therapy is simple, a host of unforeseen difficulties hindered the realization of clinical benefit from this therapeutic approach.

Of the many novel new cancer therapeutic concepts under development, chemoprevention recognizes that malignancies derive from a long, complex interaction of environmental stress modulated by individual genetic phenotypic expression. As described in depth by Drs. Singh and Lippman in this two-part article, published in last and this month’s issues of oncology, substances with potential chemopreventive activity have been identified from multiple sources. These include: (1) human cancer epidemiology, with an emphasis on dietary assessment, geographic dietary and environmental variation, and differences in cancer incidence among similar regional populations; (2) from mechanistic hypotheses; and (3) clinical observations after treatment of cancer (eg, tamoxifen [Nolvadex] for breast cancer). Drs. Singh and Lippman ably demon-strate the wide variety of sources of potential chemopreventive agents and describe current research studies and outcomes.

The standard management of low-grade lymphoma remains controversial. Long-term follow-up studies of patients treated with conventional regimens have shown that currently available treatments are not curative.

Rituximab (IDEC-C2B8 [Rituxan]) is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Its potential efficacy in other B-cell malignancies is currently being explored. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of rituximab, as well as preclinical data and results of the clinical trials that led to its approval. Also discussed are the mechanics of administering rituximab on the recommended weekly ´ 4 outpatient schedule. Finally, the article describes ongoing and planned trials of rituximab in other dosage schedules, in other B-cell neoplasms, and in conjunction with chemotherapy. As the first MoAb to gain FDA approval for the treatment of a malignancy, rituximab signals the beginning of a promising new era in cancer therapy. [ONCOLOGY 12(12):1763-1770, 1998]

PHOENIX-For many men with early-stage prostate cancer, the choice between external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy (seed implantation) can be made based solely on lifestyle issues and personal preference, according to results of a study reported at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

Duke University Medical Center is receiving $3.5 million over the next 5 years to set up a collaborative research effort to focus on discovering genetic links to cancer. The three-institution center will be one of five nationwide that will make up the

A chemical extracted from green coffee beans may be a new weapon in the fight against acquired immune deficiency (AIDS). The chemical-chicoric acid-comes from chicory, which is derived from coffee, and is identical to substances

SAN FRANCISCO--For both nurses and their patients, home care is becoming an increasingly cost-effective and satisfactory alternative to longer hospital stays. At the Oncology Nursing Society Annual Congress, several speakers discussed methods used at their institutions to improve home health services.

Phase III clinical trial data for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor amprenavir (Agenerase) suggest that the drug may be potent and generally well-tolerated in combination with lamivudine (Epivir) and zidovudine (AZT [Retrovir]). These data, presented at the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), support the role of amprenavir in front-line combination antiretroviral therapy.

Two of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment, nausea and vomiting, cause enough fear in some patients to induce them to delay or abandon potentially curative treatment. Some studies of surgical patients suggest that the fear of

WASHINGTON--Genetic research has produced a growing body of information about the mutations related to breast cancer, but, so far, "no clear algorithm" to help clinicians decide how to use the new findings in the interests of patients, reported Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute.

The January issue of Science reported that researchers had successfully extended the lifespan of normal human cells using the enzyme telomerase to lengthen telomeres. Reaction to these initial findings was guarded. Oncologists were concerned that the process could be cancerous. Now, new research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) demonstrated that these cells continue to divide and maintain normal structure and function and do not progress toward cancer.

WASHINGTON--It wasn’t all rhetoric and oration at The March. It was also a time for reflection on loved ones lost and hope for the future; a time to celebrate survivorship and bond in a way only survivors understand; a time to learn more about cancer

The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation announced recently its first grant awards, totaling more than $4.2 million, under the Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Award Program. The program was developed to enable promising young scientists conducting

Phase III clinical trial data for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor amprenavir (Agenerase) suggest

HORSHAM, Penn--Sparta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has completed a phase I clinical trial of Spartaject busulfan, an injectable form of busulfan, an agent that is poorly water soluble and currently available only in tablet form.

ORLANDO--Case rate contracting for reimbursement of stem cell and bone marrow transplants has many benefits, and these can be maximized through careful, efficient record keeping, said Jonathan Patten, manager of contracting at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle. With this payment method, payers and providers negotiate a flat rate to be paid for each transplant patient.

AMELIA ISLAND, Fla--Is brachy-therapy for prostate cancer a ‘gimmick’ or a new treatment technique with numerous advantages over either radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy? Very definitely the latter, Jay Friedland, MD, of the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, said at the Southern Association for Oncology (SAO) 11th annual meeting.

SAN DIEGO--The longest follow-up studies to date on dose-intensive therapy with peripheral blood stem cell or bone marrow support in patients with Hodgkin’s disease or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) show some promising results with specific drug regimens.

WASHINGTON--On the day of The March, President Clinton announced two new cancer initiatives and issued a challenge to cancer researchers that sounded more like a "Mission Impossible" assignment.

WASHINGTON--Calling "The March" the first truly large-scale grass roots demonstrative effort to focus attention on cancer, Allen S. Lichter, MD, president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, used the event as a backdrop to discuss the Society’s three key policy recommendations for accelerating advances in cancer research and treatment.

WASHINGTON--On the night before The March, as she waited for a candlelight vigil to begin, Ruth Kirkhuff talked about the son she lost to brain cancer and why she had journeyed here from Derry, New Hampshire. Matthew’s tumor was diagnosed at age 11 months, and he died Sept. 2, 1994. "We had a lot of ups and downs," she said. "Being here helps me keep his memory alive."

One in 20 Americans will require a blood transfusion at some point in their lives. Yet, many remain uninformed about the reason for transfusions, the risks associated with them, and ways to avoid or minimize them. Pall Corporation has launched a

WASHINGTON--The number of deaths in the United States from AIDS dropped by 47% last year, nearly double the decline recorded in 1996. The age-adjusted AIDS death rate in 1997 was 5.9 deaths per 100,000 population vs 11.1 per 100,000 in 1996.

NEW YORK--Fatigue related to cancer or its treatment does not go away after a good night’s rest, and may last a month or longer. In the cancer setting, there may be many reasons for chronic fatigue, Lois Almadrones, RN, MPA, clinical research associate, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, said at a Cancer Care teleconference for cancer patients.

The University of Minnesota Cancer Center has been designated a "comprehensive cancer center" by the National Cancer Institute. To quality for the title "comprehensive," a center must conduct basic and clinical research, as well as prevention, control, and population studies; exhibit a strong body of interactive research bridging these key areas; and have outreach, education, and information programs in place. Only 35 of the 58 NCI-designated cancer centers meet the requirements for the "comprehensive" designation.