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Primary Immunoprevention: The Great Unmet Need for Controlling Breast CancerPerhaps we can now hope that primary immunoprevention of cancers that are engaged as people age may receive the attention, support, and legitimacy that will soon result in similar breakthrough stature.
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Paraganglioma: A Potentially Challenging TumorThe development of metastatic disease in patients with paraganglioma is an unusual and challenging event. This case report and review describes the specific features of this disease and the multiple therapeutic options.
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Impact of UFT on Tumoral TS and DPD Levels in Colorectal CancerThis was an open lable, pilot translational clinical pharmacology study of a brief (7 day) course of UFT, 300 mg/m²/day, in combination with leucovorin, 90 mg/day, in six patients with newly diagnosed advanced colorectal cancer.
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Bladder Cancer Treatment: Optimize, Don't CompromisePatient selection based on a much more comprehensive biologic assessment of both host and tumor is likely the key to further advances in the treatment of all bladder cancer patients. Until such time, there can be no compromise in the careful application of the rigorous therapy required to optimize outcomes.
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Vincent T. DeVita on His New Book, “The Death of Cancer,” and the Current State of Cancer CareThe mandate of the National Cancer Act of 1971 was “to support research and the application of the results of research, to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality from cancer,” and we have done that.
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Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic CancerThere are a number of important issues regarding neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer that must be considered as we design clinical trials in an effort to improve survival for this disease.
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Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Factors Influencing the PrognosisHere we examine recent advances in the knowledge of this severe and heterogeneous malignancy, and we analyze the clinical significance of prognostic factors.
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MRI-Based Treatment Decision Making for Rectal CancerThere are a number of clinicopathologic variables that predict outcome in rectal cancer. In the era of postoperative chemoradiation treatment, these were more easily identified and were used to help select patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults: Applying Lessons Learned in ChildrenIn this article we discuss the challenges and new advances in adult ALL, as well as our approach to the treatment of these patients.
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Chemotherapy for Soft-Tissue SarcomasIn patients with high-risk localized disease, the use of systemic chemotherapy should be strongly considered to delay recurrence and/or reduce the patient’s risk of developing metastatic disease. In patients with metastatic disease, systemic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment.
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Current Status of Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Progress Is InevitableThere is no question that the robot has leveled the playing field. It has allowed more surgeons to offer patients a minimally invasive approach. In terms of perioperative outcomes, there is clear evidence showing shorter hospital stays, less blood loss, lower complication rates, and shorter convalescence with robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.
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Oncology Peer Review On-The-Go: Cancer-Related Fatigue Outcome Measures in Integrative OncologyAuthors Dori Beeler, PhD; Shelley Wang, MD, MPH; and Viraj A. Master, MD, PhD, spoke with CancerNetwork® about a review article on cancer-related fatigue published in the journal ONCOLOGY®.
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The Oncology Nurse's Role in the Informed Consent ProcessCancer clinical trials are a necessary component of the effort to improve cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Essential to this process is the informed consent of the individuals who participate in these research studies. The purpose of this article is to describe patient, provider, and informed consent process issues with presentations of data reported in the current literature. The role of nursing in the facilitation of informed consent is discussed.
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The Role of Adjuvant Radiation in Endometrial CancerEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, with an estimated 40,100 cases and 7,470 deaths in 2008. This malignancy represents 6% of all cancers, and 3% of cancer deaths in women. Endometrial cancer is more prevalent in older women, with an incidence of 1 in 142 for women 40 to 59 years old, increasing to 1 in 81 women over 70 years old.[1] Median age at diagnosis is 62.[2] The mortality of endometrial cancer has decreased from 4.18 to 4.12 per 100,000 from 1991 to 2004.
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New Approach Prevents Invasiveness of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the BreastDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most commonly diagnosed, noninvasive type of breast cancer in women. In this interview Dr. Lance Liotta and Professor Virginia Espina, whose laboratory has been one the first to successfully culture living DCIS cells, discuss novel ways to stop breast cancer before it becomes invasive and malignant.
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A 35-Year-Old Woman With a Change in HER2 Expression Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Invasive Breast CancerA 35-year-old woman noticed a mass in her right breast and underwent a diagnostic workup, including a mammogram that revealed a 2.4-cm mass and ultrasound that showed two adjacent masses, as well as enlarged axillary lymph nodes.
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Lung Cancer Prevention and ScreeningIn this interview we discuss lung cancer prevention, the recent low-dose CT screening recommendations from the USPSTF, hurdles in preventing the disease, and more.
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Retrovirus-Associated MalignanciesAlthough investigators knew before 1980 that retroviruses could cause various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors in animals, not until then was the first human oncogenic retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-I (HTLV-I), isolated [1].
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Screening for Emotional Distress in Older Patients With Lung CancerAn estimated 219,440 new cases of lung cancer were expected in 2009, accounting for about 15% of cancer diagnoses.
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Radiation Therapy in the Management of Malignant MelanomaMelanoma has historically been considered a radioresistant tumor. Emerging data have challenged this viewpoint. The potential roles of radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with melanoma will be reviewed here.
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Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for 5 to 10 Brain Metastases: May Not Be Reasonable as Sole Upfront TreatmentUntil prospective randomized clinical data accrue and mature, this controversial issue will continue to suffer from overinterpretation of inadequate supporting data.
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When to Consider Adjuvant/Neoadjuvant Therapy for Adult Soft-Tissue SarcomaIn patients with adult soft-tissue sarcoma (ASTS), the use and timing of adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy remains controversial. The appropriate target population is generally accepted as International Union Against Cancer (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III extremity or trunk sarcomas (ie, > 5 cm, grade 3/4, located deep to the superficial fascia, with no evidence of metastases). After definitive local treatment, the 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates in this population are approximately 52% and 56%.
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From Whole-Gland to Targeted Cryoablation for the Treatment of Unilateral or Focal Prostate CancerRecently, third-generation cryosurgery has been widely introduced into clinical practice using argon-driven, ultrathin 17-gauge cryoprobes in accordance with the Joule-Thompson principle.[1-3] Contemporary cryosurgery includes these technologic advances along with the routine utilization of ultrathin needles incorporating a thermal monitoring system (TMS) for temperature surveillance, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging, and a urethral warming catheter to minimize morbidity associated with the procedure.[4-7]
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Hodgkin LymphomaThis management guide covers the risk factors, screening, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Changing Treatment Paradigms for Brain Metastases From Melanoma-Part 2: When and How to Use the New Systemic AgentsIn this article, we provide an overview of the currently available systemic agents, including immunotherapeutic agents and targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We also provide a practical management algorithm to guide the practicing oncologist in the use of both of these new therapies and the more traditional local treatments.
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Increased Efficacy Through Moderate Dose Escalation of Chemotherapy: Interim Report From the HD9 Randomized Trial for Advanced Hodgkin’s DiseaseThis report aims to assess the effect of increased drug dose on the efficacy and toxicity of the BEACOPP regimen with
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Pathologic Evaluation of Prostatic Carcinoma: Critical Information for the OncologistAdenocarcinoma of the prostate is now the most common tumor in males. The use of the digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and transrectal ultrasound of the prostate with biopsies has improved the detection of prostate cancer and has increased the percentage of patients with organ-confined disease who are treated with radical prostatectomy. It is critical for the practicing urologic and medical oncologist to have accurate and precise pathologic information in order to counsel patients for appropriate therapy. Ideal biopsy and clinical predictive criteria for tumor volume in prostates are not readily available in the literature.
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Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer in the Older PatientAlthough increasing age is the major risk factor for breast cancer incidence and mortality, when adjusted for disease stage, breast cancer mortality is similar among younger vs older patients. Importantly, about 90% of older women with breast cancer present with early-stage disease. The biologic characteristics of breast tumors in older patients suggest they would derive benefit from adjuvant therapy, particularly endocrine therapy, but older women are still frequently undertreated, resulting in poorer survival. Studies suggest that focusing on comorbidity rather than “chronologic age” as a surrogate for life-expectancy is a key aspect of adjuvant decision-making for older patients. Morbidity and mortality from cancer in vulnerable patients with poorer health can be accurately predicted by the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), which evaluates comorbidities, functional status, cognition, social support, psychological state, nutritional status, and polypharmacy. Use of the CGA and newer versions of this tool can lead to interventions that maintain function and improve quality of life in older patients with breast cancer.
